IUPAC system and IUPAC rules of naming of halogen derivative of carboxylic acid

Functional class name = acyl or acid halide

Substituent suffix =
-oyl halide



  • Acyl or acid halides are derivatives of carboxylic acids.
  • The root name is based on the longest chain including the carbonyl group of the acyl group.
  • Since the acyl group is at the end of the chain, the C=O carbon must be C1.
  • The acyl halide suffix is appended after the hydrocarbon suffix minus the "e" : e.g. -ane + -oyl halide = -anoyl halide etc.
  • The most common halide encountered is the chloride, hence acyl or acid chlorides, e.g. ethanoyl chloride
Functional group is an acyl halide therefore suffix = -oyl chloride

Hydrocarbon structure is an alkane therefore -an-
The longest continuous chain is C2 therefore root =
eth

acyl chloride

CH
3C(=O)Cl
ethanoyl chloride

Functional group is an acyl halide therefore suffix = -oyl chloride
Hydrocarbon structure is an alkane therefore
-an-
The longest continuous chain is C4 therefore root =
but
acyl halide
CH
3CH2CH2C(=O)Cl
butanoyl chloride

Functional group is an acyl halide therefore suffix = -oyl chloride
Hydrocarbon structure is an alkane therefore
-an-
The longest continuous chain is C3 therefore root =
prop
The branch is a C1 alkyl group
i.e. a methyl group
The functional groups requires numbering from the
right as drawn, the substituent locant is 2-
acyl halide
(CH
3)2CHC(=O)Cl
2-methylpropanoyl chloride

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