When a silent electric discharge is passed through dry oxygen, ozone is formed. Oxygen is never converted into ozone completely and we always obtain a mixture of oxygen and ozone.
This mixture is called ozonized oxygen.
Siemen's ozoniser
It consists of two co-axial glass tubes fused together. Tin foil is used to coat the inner-side of the inner tube and the outer-side of the outer tube. The inner and outer tin coatings are connected to the terminals of an induction coil, which produces current of high voltage. A slow current of pure and dry oxygen is passed through the annular space. On subjecting oxygen to silent electrical discharge, ozonised oxygen containing 10-15% ozone is formed. By taking the following precautions, the yield of ozone can be increased in the ozonised oxygen:
- Only pure and dry oxygen should be used.
- The ozoniser should be perfectly dry.
- A fairly low temperature (around 0°C) should be maintained.
- There should be no sparking.
Fig: 13.9 - Siemen's ozoniser
Brodie's ozoniser
In principle, this ozoniser is like the Siemen's ozoniser but dilute sulphuric acid replaces the tin foil. Two carbon electrodes are dipped in the acid and connected to an induction coil. A current of dry oxygen is passed through the space between the tubes. Ozonised oxygen containing about 5% O3 comes out at the other end. If the apparatus is kept cool, the proportion of ozone may go up 20-25%.
Fig: 13.10 - Brodie's ozoniser
Problems
11. How is ozone formed in the upper atmosphere?
Solution
Ozone is formed in the upper atmosphere in two steps:
i) Photodissociation of oxygen by ultraviolet radiations of wavelength less than 240 nm.
Solution
The preparation of ozone needs a source of pure, cold and dry oxygen. The formation of ozone from oxygen is a reversible endothermic reaction
In the reaction, 142.7 kJ of energy is absorbed for the formation of one mole of ozone.
The reaction is initiated by a sparkless or silent electric discharge, to produce less heat, as ozone is prone to decomposing back into oxygen with a rise in temperature (Le Chatelier's principle). Hence, ozone is prepared in a specially designed apparatus called an Ozoniser to facilitate the above conditions.
Dịch vụ chuyên chuyển phát nhanh tại Việt Nam đi sang Trung Quốc
ReplyDeleteĐơn vị vận chuyển sản phẩm từ trung quốc về việt nam chất lượng nhất
Đơn vị vận chuyển sản phẩm từ trung quốc về việt nam uy tín chất lượng
Ozonated Water
ReplyDeleteOzonated Water For prevention, a major benefit can be derived from regularly drinking ozonated water. Water is a fascinating substance, and we all take it for granted. Chemically it is considered to be an oxygen atom bound with two hydrogen atoms. The bond angle between the two hydrogen atoms is known to be variable, depending on the amount of energy in the molecule. Research has shown that water whose bond angle is 101 degrees is 'dead' water, bereft of life?giving energy. When water is distilled the bond angle expands to 120 degrees upon evaporation, but collapses to 101 degrees upon condensation, and is therefore dead. A bond angle of 103 degrees corresponds to average water. A bond angle of 106 degrees produces activated, energized water, and is attainable by placing a magnet, north pole inward, against the water container. The highest energy obtainable in liquid water is a bond angle of l09.5 degree, and this is attainable only ozonating water at 4 degrees C. Ozone will not stay in water for very long, even at 4 degrees C. To hold the ozone in the water over long periods, it is necessary to add a few drops of Concentrate, which is a solution of trace minerals with the sodium, cadmium, copper and lead removed. The ozone hangs on to the minerals without oxidizing them and remains available over many months. In general, un?mineralized water should not be consumed. Drink water that has gone through reverse osmosis, carbon filtering, and is then ozonated. There are some contaminants that will pass through R/O and carbon, such as fluorine. Ozonating the water removes all such contaminants and energizes the water until the bond angle reaches 109.5 degrees. Ozonate water for 15 minutes per liter, about five minutes per glass. Healing Water (Ozonated and Magnetic) Ozonate a gallon of water (filtered, R/O or distilled) in a glass jug for about 15 minutes. Place the gallon of ozonated water on top of the north pole (negative polarity) side of a magnet. Let it sit for about 8 hours at room temperature, then refrigerate it. The ozone converts into oxygen, which remains in the water. This water acquires a very smooth and pleasant taste. The magnetic field alters the structure of the water so the cells absorb it rapidly and it is quickly excreted by the kidneys. You can make ice cubes with this water and drinking it helps cleanse and detoxify the cells. You can cook with this water and make tea with it. It adds a smooth flavor to all beverages and drinks. If you are serious about using ozone at home, you will need to learn more as not every ozone unit is adaptable for medicinal purposes. I suggest persons first attend an annual meeting of IBOM. After you have done this or consulted with a local health care professional trained in ozone therapy.
Reference www.ozonizers.store